Singhal’s MCQs for Higher Judicial Service Exam (Prelims) Volume 1

🏛️ Constitution of India

• Fundamental Rights – Articles 12-35, right to equality, freedom, life
• Directive Principles of State Policy – Articles 36-51, state obligations
• Fundamental Duties – Article 51A, citizen responsibilities
• Union and State Relations – Distribution of powers, federal structure
• Constitutional Amendments – Major amendments and their impact
• Judicial Review – Supreme Court powers, constitutional interpretation
• Emergency Provisions – National, state, financial emergencies

⚖️ Indian Evidence Act, 1872

• Relevancy of Facts – Sections 5-55, admissible evidence
• Admissions and Confessions – Sections 17-30, voluntary statements
• Production and Effect of Evidence – Sections 56-100, documentary evidence
• Documentary Evidence – Primary and secondary evidence rules
• Exclusion of Oral by Documentary Evidence – Best evidence rule
• Witnesses – Competency, examination procedures
• Burden of Proof – Who must prove, standard of proof

🔍 Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973

• Preliminary Provisions – Jurisdiction, powers of courts
• Constitution of Criminal Courts – Court hierarchy, sessions
• Powers of Courts – Cognizance, summons, warrants
• Arrest and Bail – Police powers, bail conditions
• Investigation and Trial – FIR, chargesheet, evidence
• Appeals and Revisions – Appellate procedures, review
• Execution of Sentences – Implementation of court orders

⚔️ Indian Penal Code, 1860

• General Principles – Definitions, general exceptions
• Offences Against State – Sedition, terrorism, treason
• Offences Against Human Body – Murder, culpable homicide, hurt
• Offences Against Property – Theft, robbery, criminal breach of trust
• Offences Relating to Marriage – Adultery, bigamy, cruelty
• Offences Against Public Tranquillity – Rioting, unlawful assembly
• Defamation and Cheating – False accusations, fraud

⚡ New Criminal Laws 2023

• Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA) – New evidence law replacing IEA
• Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS) – New criminal procedure replacing CrPC
• Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS) – New criminal law replacing IPC
• Electronic Evidence – Digital records as primary evidence
• Remote Proceedings – Video conferencing, electronic summons
• Forensic Investigation – Mandatory for serious crimes
• Modern Justice Delivery – Technology integration in criminal justice

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